Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi, Ulama Who Can Be Nicknamed Shaykh from the Messenger of Allah

In many Syafi'i schools of fiqh, the name of Sheikh Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi is known. His full name is Ibrahim bin Ali bin Yusuf bin Abdullah. The nickname "Shaykh" upon him originated from a very amazing event.

Once upon a time, one night Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi dreamed of meeting the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam with Sahabat Abu Bakr ash-Siddiq and Sahabat Umar bin Khattab. Then, Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi asked the Messenger of Allah:

"O Messenger of Allah, I have gotten many narrations from your Hadith, I took them from many scholars, now I want to hear the words directly from you that make me happy in the world and become my lunch in the hereafter."

So, the Messenger of Allah also willed to Abu Ishaq. In his will, the Prophet called Abu Ishaq the nickname "Shaykh". Abu Ishaq's heart fluttered over this. Since then, Abu Ishaq has always told his students "Indeed the Messenger of Allah sallallaahu 'alaihi wasallam has called me the nickname' Shaykh '."

Abu Ishaq was born in the city of Fairuzabad, a village in the country of Iran in 393 H. Abu Ishaq began wandering in search of knowledge to the city of Shiraz, a city in the country of Iran in 410 H. when he was 17 years old. In this wandering, Abu Ishaq learned from Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Baidhawi (d. 424 AH) and Abdul Wahab bin Muhammad bin Ramain (d. 430 AH).

Then, Abu Ishaq settled in the city of Basrah to gain knowledge from al-Kharzi. Followed by wandering to the city of Baghdad in 415 H. In this city Abu Ishaq studied for 15 years (from 415 H to 430 H) to Abu Thayyib at-Thabari (d. 450 H), Hasan bin Ahmad bin Syadzan (d. 425 ), Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Birqani (d. 425 H), and several major scholars of the city of Baghdad. The Shafi'i school of thought scholars hold that Imam Abu Ishaq is the largest Shafi'ite scholar in the 5th century Hijri.

Praise of the Ulema to Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi Regarding his zeal, Abu Abbas al-Jurjani related, "Abu Ishaq did not have any wealth even he was very poor who did not have food and clothing. Once we visited his house, Abu Ishaq was half standing to welcome us. This he did because he did not have enough clothes to cover his body. If he had stood up, a part of his nakedness would have been seen. "

Abu Wafa bin Uqail al-Hanbali recounted, "I testify that Abu Ishaq never gave alms to the needy unless he had intended giving charity. Abu Ishaq never argued in a matter unless he had read ta'awwudz and straightened the intention to help the poor. the truth, and he never wrote the book unless he had prayed four rak'ahs, then because of the blessing of sincerity that is his famous book in the west and east. "

Muhammad ibn Umar al-Qadhi said, "There are two great scholars who did not have the opportunity to go to the Baitullah because of their ignorance, namely Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi and al-Qadhi Abu Abdullah ad-Damaghani. over their necks to the city of Mecca. "

Narrated an-Nawawi in the book Tahdzib Asma 'wa Lughat, Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi died in a state not leaving any wealth. One time his student dreamed of meeting Abu Ishaq in a state of wearing white clothes. The student asked, "What is the white clothes?" So Abu Ishaq replied, "This is the glory of knowledge".

Abu Hasan al-Mawardi said, "I have never seen a scholar like Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi. If Imam Syafi'i met him, he would have praised Abu Ishaq."

Once when Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi gave the advice, "A person who has knowledge will surely be followed by the fatwa by a layman. If the knowledgeable person does not practice their knowledge, the ordinary person will not heed his words."

On another occasion, Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi willed, "The layman is seen in terms of his nasab, the rich are seen in terms of wealth, while the knowledgeable are seen in terms of science."

Imam Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi indeed has very little work. Only 14 recorded books of recorded history were written by Imam Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi, namely;

1. The Book of at-Tanbih. Imam Abu Ishaq began writing at the beginning of the month of Ramadan in 452 AH and finished writing in the Sya'ban year 453 H.

2. Kitab al-Muhadzdzab. He began writing for 14 years, began writing in 455 AH and finished writing in 469 AH. It is said that Imam Abu Ishaq always prayed two rokaats as a sign of gratitude after completing writing one chapter (chapter) in this book. This book was written by Imam Abu Ishaq in response to differences of opinion between the Shafi'i school and the Hanafi school of thought.

3. Kitab an-Nukat fi Masail al-Mukhtalaf fiha baina Abi Hanifah wa asy-Shafi'i. This book is a refinement of a problem which he did not explain in the book of al-Muhadzdzab.

4. The Book of Tadzkirat al-Khilaf. This book is quoted also by az-Zarkasyi in the book Bahr al-Muhith and Ibn Qadhi Syuhbah in at-Thabaqat.

5. The Book of Thabaqat al-Fuqaha '. This book is a collection of biographies of Shafi'ite madzah scholars, the Hanafi school of thought, the Maliki school, and the Dhahiri school. This book is an important reference in his day in recognizing ulama figures.

6. Kitab al-Hudud. This book was quoted by az-Zarkasyi in the book Bahr al-Muhith.

7. Kitab al-Mulakhash fi al-Jadl fi Usul al-Fiqh. This book was revealed by Muhammad Yusuf Niyaz as a Master's thesis at the University of Ummu al-Qura Makkah in 1987 AD

8. Kitab al-Ma'unah fi al-Jadl. This book is written as the essence of the book of al-Mulakhash fi al-Jadl fi Usul al-Fiqh which has been written previously. This book is very good for beginners in understanding the science of usul fiqh.

9. The Book of Talkhis' Ilal al-Fiqh. This book was alluded to by a German Western Orientalist named Carl Brockelmann.

10. Kitab al-Signs of Madila al-Haq. This book was alluded to by a German Western Orientalist named Carl Brockelmann.

11. The Book of Ruus al-Amwal. This book was alluded to by Ibn al-Wardi in the book Tatimmah al-Mukhtashar.

12. Kitab-Tabshirah fi Usul al-Fiqh. This book is the first work of Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi in the science of ushul fiqh. Written in 430 AH to coincide with the first year appointed by his teacher Abu Thayyib at-Thabari as a teacher in the city of Baghdad. In this first book, Abu Ishaq wrote some of his opinions that contradicted many scholars in his day and noted the many differences of opinion of scholars in his time.

13. Kitab al-Luma '. This book is the second work of Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi in the science of ushul fiqh. In this book, Abu Ishaq several times canceled his opinion in the Book at-Tabshirah fi Usul al-Fiqh which contradicted the opinion of the majority of scholars. In this book, Abu Ishaq does not give much argumentation as in the book of at-Tabshirah fi Usul al-Fiqh. This is due to the function of this book as a summary of the science of usul fiqh for beginners.

14. The Book of Syarh al-Luma '. This book is the last work of Abu Ishaq ash-Syairazi in the science of ushul fiqh. The Shafi'i school of scholars noted it as the monumental work of Abu Ishaq. This is because, Abu Ishaq many notes and criticisms in many opinions circulating in his day. This book shows the peak of maturity in the science of usul fiqh.

Among his most famous students were Fakhr al-Islam Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ahmad as-Syasyi (d. 507 H), Hasan ibn Ibrahim ibn Ali al Faruqi (d. 528 H), Husain ibn Ali al-Tabari (d 495 AH, Ahmad bin Abdul Wahab as-Shirazi (d. 493), Ali bin Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mahamil (d. 493 AH), Abdul Wahid bin Ahmad as-Sakri (d. 486 AH), Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Husayn al-Armawi (d. 537 AH), Abu Said an-Naisaburi (d. 532 AH), Qasim ibn Ali al-Hariri (d. 516 AH), and Idris ibn Hamzah ar-Ramli (died Friday, 18 Friday Ramadhan in 504 H).

Imam Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi died on the night of Sunday, whereas according to Ibn Subki on Wednesday night coincided on the 21st of Jumadil End of 476 H in the city of Baghdad. Among those who took part in bathing the body of Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi was Abu Wafa bin Uqail al-Hanbali.

An explanation of the biography of Abu Ishaq as-Syairazi can be read one of them in the book of al-Usul wal Ushuliyyun by Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim al-Hafnawi, Dean of the Department of Usul Fiqh al-Azhar University Cairo, Egypt.

Muhammad Tholhah al Fayyadl, student majoring in Usuluddin al-Azhar University of Egypt; NU scholarship recipients in 2018.

Source: https://islam.nu.or.id